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Prostate cancer

"last update: 28 April 2024"  

- References

1-   The global cancer observatory , Globocan 2022

2-   Rebello et al , Nature review 2022

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8-    Turkbey B, Mani H, Shah V, et al. Multiparametric 3T prostate magnetic resonance imaging to detect cancer: histopathological correlation using prostatectomy specimens processed in customized magnetic resonance imaging based molds. J Urol 2011;186:1818-1824.

9-    de Rooij M, Hamoen EH, Witjes JA, et al. Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Staging of Prostate Cancer: A Diagnostic Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2016;70:233-245.

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18-  Hussein, A. A., Iqbal, U., Jing, Z., Ramahi, Y., Houenstein, H., Newman, & Guru, K. A. (2023). Impact of an NCCN-Compliant Multidisciplinary Conference on Treatment Decisions for Localized Prostate Cancer. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network21(4), 359-365.

19-  Pompe RS, Davis-Bondarenko H, Zaffuto E, et al. Population-based validation of the 2014 ISUP Gleason grade groups in patients treated with radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy, external beam radiation, or no local treatment. Prostate 2017;77:686-693

20-  Zumsteg ZS, Spratt DE, Pei I, et al. A new risk classification system for therapeutic decision making with intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients undergoing dose-escalated external-beam radiation therapy. Eur Urol 2013;64:895-902

21-  Pascoe C, Duncan C, Lamb BW, et al. Current management of radiation cystitis: a review and practical guide to clinical management. BJU Int. 2019;123(4):585-594.

22-  Nabid A, Carrier N, Martin AG, et al. Duration of androgen deprivation therapy in high-risk prostate cancer: a randomized phase III trial. Eur Urol. 2018;74:432e441.

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24-   Hanks GE, Pajak TF, Porter A, et al. Phase III trial of long-term adjuvant androgen deprivation after neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92-02. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3972e3978.

25-  Ganz PA, Barry JM, Burke W, et al. NIH State-of-the-Science Conference Statement: Role of active surveillance in the management of men with localized prostate cancer. NIH Consens State Sci Statements 2011;28:1-27.

26-  Johansson JE, Holmberg L, Johansson S, et al. Fifteen-year survival in prostate cancer. A prospective, population-based study in Sweden. JAMA 1997;277:467-471.

27-  Use of active surveillance or watchful waiting for low risk prostate cancer and management trends across risk groups in the united states , 2010-2015, Brandon A Mahal et al .JAMA 2019.

28-  Stephenson AJ, Kattan MW, Eastham JA, et al. Prostate cancer specific mortality after radical prostatectomy for patients treated in the prostate-specific antigen era. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4300-4305.

29-  Fossati N, Willemse PPM, Van den Broeck T, et al. The benefits and harms of different extents of lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: A systematic review. Eur Urol 2017;72:84-109.

30-  Francesco Esperto, Loris Cacciatore, Atonio Testa ,  et al . Impact of robotic technologies on prostate cancer patients ‘ choice for radical treatment . J pers Med 2023 

31-  Thompson IM , Tangen CM , Paradelo J , et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathological T3N0M0 prostate cancer significantly reduces risk of prostate cancer metastasis and improved survival : Long term follow up of a randomized clinical trial .J Urol 2009;181:956-962

32-  Juanita M. Crook M.D., F.R.C.P.C., et al . Radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma. The correlation of pretreatment prostate specific antigen and nadir prostate specific antigen with outcome as assessed by systematic biopsy and serum prostate specific antigen ; Cancer :328-336

33-  Hegazy MW, Mahmood RI, AI Otaibi MF, Khalil EM .Hypofractionated volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy with simultaneous Elective Nodal irradiation is feasible in prostate cancer patients : A single institutional experience .J Egypt Natl Canc Inst.2016 , jun;28(2):101-10

34-  Jackson WC, Silva J, Hartman HE, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis of over 6,000 patients treated on prospective studies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019; 104(4):778-789.

35-  Kerkmeijer LGW, Groen VH, Pos FJ, et al .Focal Boost to the Intraprostatic Tumor in External Beam Radiotherapy for Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: Results From the FLAME Randomized Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Mar 1;39(7):787-796.

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37-   Lu-Yao GL, Albertsen PC, Moore DF, et al. Fifteen-year survival outcomes following primary androgen-deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1460-1467.

38-  McLeod DG, Iversen P, See WA, et al. Bicalutamide 150 mg plus standard care vs standard care alone for early prostate cancer. BJU Int 2006;97:247-254.

39-  Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of 22 randomised trials with 3283 deaths in 5710 patients. Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1995 Jul 29;346(8970):265-9.

40-  Carrie C, Hasbini A, de Laroche G, et al. Salvage radiotherapy with or without short-term hormone therapy for rising prostate-specific antigen concentration after radical prostatectomy (GETUG-AFU 16): a randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:747-756.

41-  Lisanne F et al. Salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy : Long term results of urinary incontinence , toxicity and treatment outcomes.Clin Trans Radiat Oncol 2018 ;11 :26-32

42-  Chesne GM, Woo HH, Bassett JK, et al. Timing of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer with a rising PSA (TROG 03.06 and VCOG PR 01-03 [TOAD]): a randomised, multicentre, non-blinded, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:727-737.

43-  Liu Z et al . Application of metastatic biopsy based on “ When , who, where , how (4W1H)” principle in diagnosis and treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer .Transl Androl Urol 2021;10(4):1723-1733

44-  Parker CC, James ND, Brawley CD, et al , Systemic Therapy for Advanced or Metastatic Prostate cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE) investigators. Radiotherapy to the primary tumour for newly diagnosed, metastatic prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018 Dec 1;392(10162):2353-2366.

45-  Kyriakopoulos CE, Chen YH, Carducci MA, et al , . Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Survival Analysis of the Randomized Phase III E3805 CHAARTED Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Apr 10;36(11):1080-1087.

46-  Chi KN, Agarwal N, Anders Bjartell, et al , Apalutamide for metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer , Titan trial . The New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;381(1):13-24.

47-  Armstrong AJ et al.  A randomized phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy with enzalutamide or placebo in men with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer , Arches trial . J Clin Oncol 2022; 40(15): 1616–1622

48-  Enzalutamide with standard first line therapy in metastatic prostate cancer .Enzamet trial , N Engl J Med 2019 ;381:121-131

49-  Cornford P, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, et al. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II: treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71:630e642.

50-  Apalutamide and overall survival in non metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer , Spartan trial ,  Ann Oncol. 2019 Nov; 30(11): 1813-1820.

51-  Sternberg CN, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al , PROSPER Investigators. Enzalutamide and Survival in Nonmetastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 4;382(23):2197-2206.

52-  Karim Fizazi, Scher HI, Molina A, et al a Phase-3, Multicentered, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial . COU-AA-301. The Lancet Oncology. 2012;13(10):983-992

53-  Scher HI, Karim Fizazi, Saad F, et al  , a Phase-3, Multicentered, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. AFFIRM trial,  The New England Journal of Medicine. 2012;367(13):1187-1197.

54-  Beer TM, Armstrong AJ, Rathkopf DE, et al, a Phase-3, Multicentered, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. PREVAIL trial , The New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;371(5):424-433

55-  Docetaxel based combination therapy for castration resistant prostate cancer .Annals of oncology .2010;2135-2144

56-   Loblaw DA, Perry J, Chambers A, Laperriere NJ. Systematic review of the diagnosis and management of malignant extradural spinal cord compression: the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative’s Neuro-Oncology Disease Site Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2028e 2037.

57-  Chow E, Harris K, Fan G, et al. Palliative radiotherapy trials for bone metastases: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1423e1436

58-  Fizazi K, Carducci M, Smith M, et al. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study. Lancet. 2011;377:813e822.

59-  Khalaf DJ, Annala M, Taavitsainen S, et al. Optimal sequencing of enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2, crossover trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:1730e 1739

60-   Risbridger GP, Taylor RA, Clouston D, et al. Patient-derived xenografts reveal that intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a prominent pathology in BRCA2 mutation carriers with prostate cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. Eur Urol 2015;67:496-503

61-  de Bono J, Mateo J, Fizazi K, et al. Olaparib for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2091e210

62-   Slla A, Konichezky M, Flex D, et al. Low PSA metastatic androgenindependent prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2000;38:250-254.

63-  Brennan SM, Gregory DL, Stillie A, et al. Should extrapulmonary small cell cancer be managed like small cell lung cancer? Cancer 2010;116:888-895.

64-   Bultijnck R, Van de Caveye I, Rammant E, et al. Clinical pathway improves implementation of evidence-based strategies for the management of androgen deprivation therapy-induced side effects in men with prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2018;121:610e618