Chair of the GDG: Mohamed Hesham El Hefnawy, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo

Members of the Guideline Development Group (GDG):

Randa Salam, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo

Athar Reda Ibrahim, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo

Amr Ali Mahfouz, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo

Atef Bassyouni, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo

Elsayed Abdel Fattah Eid, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for science and technology, Dakahlia

Fawzy A F Elmessallamy, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharqia

Mohamed Abdelhady Mohamed Mashahet, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum.

Mohamed Abdelmoniem Elmikawy, police hospital, Cairo.

Yara Muhammad Ahmad Eid, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo.

Abbreviations

BMI

Body Mass Index

CVD

Cardiovascular disease

DASH diet

Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension

DPP

Diabetes Prevention Program

GRADE

Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation

HbA1c

Glycated hemoglobin A1c 

RCT

Randomized controlled trial

➡️Glossary

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)

A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels that include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease.

HbA1c

Haemoglobin that is glycated by non-enzymatic attachment of glucose to haemoglobin. The concentration of HbA1c is the most commonly used measure of chronic glycaemia in clinical trials and diabetes management. It is used to reflect the integrated mean glucose level over the previous 8–12 weeks.

Metformin

A biguanide oral hypoglycemic agent used in treating type 2 diabetes. Complex mechanism of action

It decreases glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity, opposes anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.

Prediabetes:

Prediabetes is a serious health condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough yet to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes

A metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Long-term hyperglycemia is associated with micro and macrovascular complications.