1.WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care 2009

2. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) National Irish Clinical Guideline No. 30 May 2023 Vol 1

3. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA

4. Hand Hygiene Task Force 2002,updated March 2024

5. NHS England. National infection prevention and control manual (NIPCM) for England. [Online].; 2024. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/national-infection-prevention-and-control-manual-nipcm-for-england/.

6. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Infection prevention and control - guidance to action tools. Copenhagen; 2021. Report No.: ISBN: 978-92-890-5543-7.

7. Saskatchewan college of pharmacy professionals. Hand Hygiene Guidelines. 2024 March 13.

8. Department of Health. NCEC National Clinical Guideline No. 30 Infection Prevention Dublin: The Department of Health; 2023.

9. ohiniva AL, Bassim H, Hafez S, Kamel E, Ahmed E, Saeed T, et al. Determinants of hand hygiene compliance in Egypt: building blocks for a communication strategy. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2015; 21(9): p. 665-670.

10. Toney-Butler TJ, Gasner A, Carver N. Hand Hygiene Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2023.

11. Egyptian Ministry of Health. Egyptian Patient Safety Standards for Hospitals. 2nd ed.; 2013.