Microsporidiosis is a disease caused by Microsporidia spp. which is described as tiny eukaryotic organisms belonging to the kingdom fungi. The pathogen can invade various animals, such as humans, mammals, birds, fish, and insects. Microsporidia have some distinct physical characteristics with their spores resistant to damage, varying in size, and possessing a unique organelle called the polar tubule or polar filament. The pathogen is transmitted horizontally as well as vertically. Diagnosis primarily relies on spore structure, clinical signs, staining of xenoma contents, histological examination, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular analysis.