Mortality is an inevitable consequence of livestock and poultry farming. The main objective of disposal of carcasses, animal products, materials and wastes is to prevent the dissemination of infectious agents and protection of animal and poultry populations from the risk of disease transmission. Disposal should be completed as soon as possible after death to minimise opportunities for dispersion of infectious agents. Carcasses are much easier to handle before decomposition has set in. Carcasses and other items awaiting disposal should be considered to prevent unauthorised access and to prevent domestic pets, wild animals and wild birds carrying potentially infectious material. Control of insects should be considered if there is a risk of passive transmission by insects to nearby susceptible species. If disposal is delayed, carcasses should be thoroughly sprayed with an approved disinfectant.

Personnel should be fully briefed about nature of the disease and any specific hygiene requirements associated with zoonotic diseases before starting work. Respirators should be supplied to personnel to avoid any risk to humans from the organism involved, or if large amounts of dust are generated.

Effective carcass management achieves two primary goals: 1) to contain pathogens to prevent further spread of disease to animals and humans; and 2) to protect drinking water, air and soil. Both of these goals relate to human, animal and ecosystem health, which are part of the One Health concept.