1-     Sick calves should be isolated from the rest of the herd as soon as signs are reported in worm well—ventilated place (when infectious cause is incriminated)..

2-     Adequate intake of colostrum at the first six hours of life is important to provides the calf with antibodies while the gut wall is still able to absorb them

3-     Routine cleaning and decontamination will aid in the reduction of pneumonia spread at these key communal points in the shed.

4-     Management of risk factors and stress: Care must be taken to make stressful procedures as minimally stressful as possible, with quiet handling.

5-     Veterinarians should recognize the environmental factors contributing to the increased risk of respiratory disease include poor ventilation, inadequate bedding, overcrowding, inclement weather, transportation, and other causes of stress.

6-     Vaccination against respiratory virus is advised from day one till the time of weaning to reduce the spread of viral agents. There are different vaccines that can be used, such as the inactivated pnumo-5 vaccine (against DVD1, BVD2, IBR, PI3, and BRCV). Another type of vaccine is help protect against respiratory disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and parainfluenza3 (PI3) virus. For dairy herds, INFORCE 3 can be used in calves as young as 3 days old, at weaning, before moving to group pens, or with cows and heifers.

7-     Veterinarian could apply prophylactic doses of antibiotics, especially when the claves are subjected to stress factors (such as shipping or ne introduction into the herd. Prophylactic antibiotics may be used as a means of decreasing acute respiratory disorders for several days after arrival at the feedlot (and to improve growth performance. A subcutaneous injection of 2.5 mg of tulathromycin/kg is effective against protection of BRD in calves.