1.     Because BRD is caused by a wide range of pathogens, the main objective of therapy is to use broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of both primary bacterial pathogens and secondary infections following viral insult.

2.     The use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials labeled for bovine respiratory disease is the primary treatment, with macrolides and fenicols mostly  used as first-line treatment.

3.     Florfenicol, tulathromycin, enrofloxacin, and danofloxacin have similar efficacy in BRD treatment.

4.     Administration of antimicrobials to cattle to control BRD can be generally classified as therapeutic or preventative, with preventative use further subdivided into prophylactic use and metaphylactic use. The former is the administration of antimicrobials to groups of cattle before the appearance of clinical signs while the latter refers to the administration of antimicrobials to apparently healthy cattle that are in contact with clinical cases.

5.     NSAIDs are often employed in the management of BRD. Their use will hasten reduction in rectal temperature and is associated with an improved clinical picture and appetite.

6.     Supportive therapy, for example, fluids and electrolytes, should also be considered for severely affected animals. Appropriate nursing care and biosecurity measures should also be implemented to optimize the outcome.

7.     Veterinarians should carefully evaluate the effectiveness of using antibiotics in treatment and prophylaxis of BRD because malpractice, may lead to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR).