Second part
- Specialized policies
· Firefighting
· Fire cooling
· Remove tight objects from a fire victim
· Cover the affected part of the fire
· Dealing with electrical burns
· Dealing with chemical burns
· Nursing care during the surgical incision
· Prosthetic nursing care
· Spare parts for burns
· Water treatment for burn injuries
Firefighter on fire
Used equipments :
Blanket or coat
The Purpose :
Help save the injured person
Steps:
The injured person is thrown on the ground, then a blanket or coat is thrown over him, then he is wrapped in it
Do not use dirt or sand to avoid contaminating the wounds or hindering the cleaning process
Keep the injured person away from the source of the fire
Fire cooling
Used equipments :
Cold water.
The Purpose :
Reducing the risk of injury and complications.
Steps:
Place the affected part in cold water to relieve pain and reduce swelling.
Apply cold water compresses to the affected parts.
Do not apply ice directly to the burned part because it leads to tissue destruction and exposes the injured person to the risk of a rapid drop in body temperature.
Note: -
Cooling the burn helps relieve swelling by draining heat away from the skin.
Remove tight objects
The Definition :
Remove clothing and jewelry that sticks directly to the affected skin
The Reasons :
For ease of handling the affected part and preventing complications
Working team:
Doctor and nurse.
The Purpose :
Reducing the risk of injury and complications.
Steps:
She takes off clothes quickly.
Cool the clothes with cold water if it is difficult to remove them.
Remove the jewelry before swelling occurs.
Cover the affected area from the fire
The Definition:
Place a cover on the affected part.
The Purpose :
· Reducing the risk of injury and complications and preventing contamination.
· Preventing the accumulation of microbes and reducing pain when the wound is exposed to air.
Steps:
· Calms the injured person.
· The wound is covered with a sterile gauze bandage to prevent the accumulation of microbes
· Wrap the gauze bandage comfortably, avoiding pressure on the burned skin.
· Do not apply any greasy materials to the wound.
· Do not open bubbles if they are many so that the body does not lose too many fluids.
Note:
· Do not use thin cotton because it leaves residue on the burned skin, which is difficult to get rid of.
· Bandaging and covering the burned part keeps air away from the burn, reduces pain, and protects the skin from infection.
Dealing with electrical burns
The Definition:
The most dangerous types of burns occur when the body is exposed to a strong electrical current.
Used equipment's :
Electrical insulator, dry and sterile dressing
The Purpose :
Rescue the injured person.
Steps:
1. Protect yourself and stand on an electrically insulated and dry surface.
2. Keep the injured person away from the electrical source that causes the fire.
3. Use a piece of wood to move the electrical cord away from the injured person.
4. Place the injured person in the recovery position.
5. Assess the injured person and determine the depth of the burn.
6. Cover the burn with a dry, sterile bandage.
7. Keeping the injured person warm so that he does not go into shock.
8. Measuring the patient’s vital signs (Z, N, H, T).
9. Perform CPR if necessary.
Dealing with chemical burns
The Definition:
They are burns that occur as a result of exposure to strong acid or strong alkali
Used equipments :
Lukewarm running water
The Purpose :
Rescue the injured person
Steps:
1. Cry from the chemical source which causes burning.
2. Remove all clothing surrounding the site of injury to reduce the risk of the chemical penetrating into the skin and increasing the depth of the skin.
3. Try to find out the type of substance causing the burn so that you can record it immediately.
4. Use large quantities of running water on the burn.
5. Wash with lukewarm water from the nose to flush the chemical away from the face (in case the eye is exposed to a chemical burn).
Nursing care during the incision
The Definition :
It is a longitudinal surgical incision made by the treating physician in the case of surrounding burns.
Places of surgical incision: upper and lower extremities, trunk, neck
Used equipments :
A breathing tube connected to an oxygen source, therapeutic ointments.
The Purpose :
In order to reduce the intense tumor pressure resulting from the injury and to allow blood flow to the affected part.
Steps:
1. Assessing the condition of surrounding burns affecting the extremities, trunk, and neck.
2. Place a breathing tube through the nose and mouth if necessary.
3. Taking a blood sample to measure the percentage of gases in the blood if necessary.
4. A thick layer of medicated ointment should be applied to the wound under the guidance of a doctor.
5. We calculate the amount of blood lost and perform a blood transfusion if necessary.
Prosthetic nursing care
The Definition:
It is a nursing procedure through which dead tissue and the dry layer covering the graft are removed.
The Reasons :
To avoid infection and clean the wound
Used equipments :
Clean glove, sterile glove, saline solution, sterile gauze, peat or surgical scissors
The Purpose :
To avoid infection and clean the wound
Steps:
1. Wash hands well
2. Wear clean gloves
3. We remove old spare parts by continuous washing
4. We throw away the gauntlet and put on a sterile glove
5. We gently remove the Vaseline gauze that is not attached to the graft and then begin to lift it (so as not to harm the graft)
6. Gently wash the patch with a saline solution and a sterile gauze pad.
7. Dead tissue is removed using surgical scissors and scissors
8. We begin to remove the dry layer that covers the patch
9. We note that there are no complications with the graft
10. Cover the injured person well
11. We place non-adhesive gauze on the patch, then place about 12 folds of gauze, then wrap them well to completely cover the affected part.
12. We put the splints on the part that has the graft
13. Raise the part with the patchwork high
14. The gloves are thrown away and the hands are washed
Spare parts for burns
The Definition:
Place a sterile gauze cover over the burn
The Reasons :
Preserving the wound and speeding its healing
Used equipments :
Sterile gauze, therapeutic ointment
The Purpose :
Reducing the evaporation of fluids in the body and reducing temperature loss.
Steps:
1. Cleans the wound.
2. Apply the medicated ointment to a thickness of 1/16 inch.
3. The burn is covered with sterile gauze.
Note:
Do not put cotton swabs because they leave residue on the affected part
Hydrotherapy for burn injuries
the definition
It is a treatment session during which the affected part of the skin is cleaned and the dead part of the burn is removed
Used equipments :
Bathtub, disinfectant, sterile scissors, sterile peat
The Purpose
In order to reduce the severe tumor pressure resulting from the injury
To allow blood flow to the affected part
Helping with healing
Prevent bacterial growth
Steps:
1- The bathtub must be disinfected before and after bathing the infected person.
2- The room must be kept warm and the session should not exceed 30 minutes
3- The expected pain must be explained to the injured person during the session, and he must be prescribed how to overcome it with painkillers
4- The injured person must participate in setting the dates of the session.
5- Gently place the affected part completely inside the bathtub.
6- Gently wash the affected part, taking care to moisturize the dry skin
7- The skin layer is removed using sterile scissors and scissors
8- The hair around the affected part must be removed
9- Simple movement exercises should be performed for the affected part during the treatment session